Flash Information on post-conflict situations based on case studies

Guinea-Bissau: ceasefire agreement signed in Praia on 26 August 1998. The United Nations Peace building Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS) was established by the United Nations Security Council in its Resolution 1233 in April 1999 to facilitate the general election and implementation of the Abuja Accord. It was replaced by the United Nations Integrated Peace building Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) in 2009.

South Africa: Through a political process Nelson Mandela was released from prison in February 1990 and became the State's first Black president in 1994. As President from May 1994 until June 1999, Mandela presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. He launched the Reconstruction and Development Programme, which invested in essential social services such as housing and health care.

Democratic Republic of Congo: In 1997 through a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent Desire Kabila, Mobutu fled to Morocco. Kabilare named the country ‘Democratic Republic of Congo’ (DRC) from the former ‘Zaire’. Assassinated in 2001, Laurent Desire Kabila was replaced by Joseph Kabila. Under a subsequent Peace Deal signed by rebel leaders in 2002, a transitional government was established with Joseph Kabila as president and three (3) vice-presidents. The transitional government had the task of leading the country to free elections, which took place in 2006. Further to presidencial elections, Kabila became President of DRC in 2006.

 

Kosovo: The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is the interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United Nations. The mission was established on 10 June 1999 by Security Council Resolution 1244.

 

Cambodia: Peace agreement was signed in 1991. UN-sponsored elections in 1993. In 1993, a new constitution resurrected the monarchy under King Norodom Sihanouk. His son, King Norodom Sihamoni took over in 2004 after his father abdicated due to health reasons.

 

Togo: The agreement known as"Accord Politique Global” was signed in August 2006 to form a government of national unity, improve domestic security and the human rights situation – including the military’s return to the barracks and the prosecution of human rights violations – and to create a conducive environment for the repatriation of migrants. The agreement also foresees institutional and constitutional reforms aimed at creating a democratic system and establishing the rule of law.

 

Burundi: August 2000 - “Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement” by the Government and 13 of the 19 warring Hutu and Tutsi factions.
 

Liberia: Taylor won elections during a lull in the fighting in 1997. Taylor yielded to international pressure in 2003 to resign and moved to exile in Nigeria. After two years of transitional government, Johnson Sirleaf won the first elections since the civil war in November 2005 and took office in January of the next year.